Well, they can definitely see the names
of the file, and there are rules about custom privacy, they’re not allowed to go through the content of your file.
If you have any Hex editor, you can run the program and found some file to preview the effect of name
that will be seen after recovered.
Hard ware (mostly), we cannot recover data with software, they cannot either, but they have professional data recovery hardware, and they can afterwards use software (or not) to get data back.
Complicated and time-consuming, varies on devices, Mechanical hard drives (HDD), Solid state drives (SSD), or hybrid hard drive (HHD), recover technicals are different. Well mainly works they do are:
Adapters, read/write heads and other components that have stopped functioning are replaced inside a “clean workstation” which keeps dust and other foreign objects out of the open drive.
Just like the picture above, they repair physically damaged parts first.
Copy the drive sector-by-sector, when bad sectors are found, jump them and the copy process continues. This step is much more like our program Disk Scanner, we scan all the bad sectors on the hard drive and mark them as red and continue scanning. If we found slow sectors or bad sectors, we’ll jump and mark them.
The controller chip manage data on the SSD, the primary key to recover data. It fails, recovery may take much longer time to analyze raw hex data on the condition that Experts are familiar with key data structure, file tables and other file system knowledge.